濾芯的工作機理是以篩除作用為主還是以吸附作用為主取決于濾層的厚度。濾層相對較薄的翡翠濾芯主要是篩除作用;而濾層較厚的濾芯則以吸附作用為主。濾芯的精度取決于濾層孔隙的大小,但在同樣大小孔隙的情況下,吸附作用的過濾精度遠大于篩除作用,因此在油田以吸附作用為主的深的濾芯實際應用得較多。
但以吸附作用為主的濾芯反洗較難,脫附是這種濾芯反洗的關鍵,既取決于濾材對懸浮物的吸附強度,也取決于濾層孔隙的大小。如果把濾層孔隙狀態在過濾時與反洗時保持不變的濾芯稱為固定孔隙過濾器,而把在反洗時能改變過濾時孔隙狀態的過濾器稱為非固定孔隙濾芯,則固定孔隙過濾的反洗要比非固定孔隙過濾困難得多。
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